Effect of Environmental and Feedback Interventions on Pacing Profiles in Cycling: A Meta-Analysis
Identifieur interne : 000035 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000034; suivant : 000036Effect of Environmental and Feedback Interventions on Pacing Profiles in Cycling: A Meta-Analysis
Auteurs : Michael J. Davies [Australie] ; Bradley Clark [Australie] ; Marijke Welvaert [Australie] ; Sabrina Skorski [Australie, Allemagne] ; Laura A. Garvican-Lewis [Australie] ; Philo Saunders [Australie] ; Kevin G. Thompson [Australie]Source :
- Frontiers in Physiology [ 1664-042X ] ; 2016.
Abstract
In search of their optimal performance athletes will alter their pacing strategy according to intrinsic and extrinsic physiological, psychological and environmental factors. However, the effect of some of these variables on pacing and exercise performance remains somewhat unclear. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to provide an overview as to how manipulation of different extrinsic factors affects pacing strategy and exercise performance. Only self-paced exercise studies that provided control and intervention group(s), reported trial variance for power output, disclosed the type of feedback received or withheld, and where time-trial power output data could be segmented into start, middle and end sections; were included in the meta-analysis. Studies with similar themes were grouped together to determine the mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between control and intervention trials for:
Url:
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00591
PubMed: 27994554
PubMed Central: 5136559
Affiliations:
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Davies</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise</institution><country>Bruce, ACT, Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport</institution><country>Bruce, ACT, Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clark, Bradley" sort="Clark, Bradley" uniqKey="Clark B" first="Bradley" last="Clark">Bradley Clark</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise</institution><country>Bruce, ACT, Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Welvaert, Marijke" sort="Welvaert, Marijke" uniqKey="Welvaert M" first="Marijke" last="Welvaert">Marijke Welvaert</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise</institution><country>Bruce, ACT, Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport</institution><country>Bruce, ACT, Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Skorski, Sabrina" sort="Skorski, Sabrina" uniqKey="Skorski S" first="Sabrina" last="Skorski">Sabrina Skorski</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise</institution><country>Bruce, ACT, Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University</institution><country>Saarbrücken, Germany</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garvican Lewis, Laura A" sort="Garvican Lewis, Laura A" uniqKey="Garvican Lewis L" first="Laura A." last="Garvican-Lewis">Laura A. Garvican-Lewis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise</institution><country>Bruce, ACT, Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport</institution><country>Bruce, ACT, Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Mary Mackillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University</institution><country>Melbourne, VIC, Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saunders, Philo" sort="Saunders, Philo" uniqKey="Saunders P" first="Philo" last="Saunders">Philo Saunders</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport</institution><country>Bruce, ACT, Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thompson, Kevin G" sort="Thompson, Kevin G" uniqKey="Thompson K" first="Kevin G." last="Thompson">Kevin G. Thompson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise</institution><country>Bruce, ACT, Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Frontiers in Physiology</title><idno type="eISSN">1664-042X</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>In search of their optimal performance athletes will alter their pacing strategy according to intrinsic and extrinsic physiological, psychological and environmental factors. However, the effect of some of these variables on pacing and exercise performance remains somewhat unclear. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to provide an overview as to how manipulation of different extrinsic factors affects pacing strategy and exercise performance. Only self-paced exercise studies that provided control and intervention group(s), reported trial variance for power output, disclosed the type of feedback received or withheld, and where time-trial power output data could be segmented into start, middle and end sections; were included in the meta-analysis. Studies with similar themes were grouped together to determine the mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between control and intervention trials for: <italic>hypoxia, hyperoxia, heat-stress, pre-cooling</italic>, and various forms of <italic>feedback</italic>. A total of 26 studies with cycling as the exercise modality were included in the meta-analysis. Of these, four studies manipulated oxygen availability, eleven manipulated heat-stress, four implemented pre-cooling interventions and seven studies manipulated various forms of feedback. Mean power output (MPO) was significantly reduced in the middle and end sections (<italic>p</italic> < 0.05), but not the start section of hypoxia and heat-stress trials compared to the control trials. In contrast, there was no significant change in trial or section MPO for hyperoxic or pre-cooling conditions compared to the control condition (<italic>p</italic> > 0.05). Negative feedback improved overall trial MPO and MPO in the middle section of trials (<italic>p</italic> < 0.05), while informed feedback improved overall trial MPO (<italic>p</italic> < 0.05). However, positive, neutral and no feedback had no significant effect on overall trial or section MPO (<italic>p</italic> > 0.05). The available data suggests exercise regulation in hypoxia and heat-stress is delayed in the start section of trials, before significant reductions in MPO occur in the middle and end of the trial. Additionally, negative feedback involving performance deception may afford an upward shift in MPO in the middle section of the trial improving overall performance. Finally, performance improvements can be retained when participants are informed of the deception.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abbiss, C R" uniqKey="Abbiss C">C. R. Abbiss</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laursen, P B" uniqKey="Laursen P">P. B. Laursen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abbiss, C R" uniqKey="Abbiss C">C. R. Abbiss</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peiffer, J J" uniqKey="Peiffer J">J. J. Peiffer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peake, J M" uniqKey="Peake J">J. M. 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Wu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peiffer, J J" uniqKey="Peiffer J">J. J. Peiffer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brisswalter, J" uniqKey="Brisswalter J">J. Brisswalter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lau, W Y" uniqKey="Lau W">W. Y. Lau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nosaka, K" uniqKey="Nosaka K">K. Nosaka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abbiss, C R" uniqKey="Abbiss C">C. R. Abbiss</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Australie</li></country></list><tree><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Davies, Michael J" sort="Davies, Michael J" uniqKey="Davies M" first="Michael J." last="Davies">Michael J. Davies</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Clark, Bradley" sort="Clark, Bradley" uniqKey="Clark B" first="Bradley" last="Clark">Bradley Clark</name><name sortKey="Davies, Michael J" sort="Davies, Michael J" uniqKey="Davies M" first="Michael J." last="Davies">Michael J. Davies</name><name sortKey="Garvican Lewis, Laura A" sort="Garvican Lewis, Laura A" uniqKey="Garvican Lewis L" first="Laura A." last="Garvican-Lewis">Laura A. Garvican-Lewis</name><name sortKey="Garvican Lewis, Laura A" sort="Garvican Lewis, Laura A" uniqKey="Garvican Lewis L" first="Laura A." last="Garvican-Lewis">Laura A. Garvican-Lewis</name><name sortKey="Garvican Lewis, Laura A" sort="Garvican Lewis, Laura A" uniqKey="Garvican Lewis L" first="Laura A." last="Garvican-Lewis">Laura A. Garvican-Lewis</name><name sortKey="Saunders, Philo" sort="Saunders, Philo" uniqKey="Saunders P" first="Philo" last="Saunders">Philo Saunders</name><name sortKey="Skorski, Sabrina" sort="Skorski, Sabrina" uniqKey="Skorski S" first="Sabrina" last="Skorski">Sabrina Skorski</name><name sortKey="Thompson, Kevin G" sort="Thompson, Kevin G" uniqKey="Thompson K" first="Kevin G." last="Thompson">Kevin G. Thompson</name><name sortKey="Welvaert, Marijke" sort="Welvaert, Marijke" uniqKey="Welvaert M" first="Marijke" last="Welvaert">Marijke Welvaert</name><name sortKey="Welvaert, Marijke" sort="Welvaert, Marijke" uniqKey="Welvaert M" first="Marijke" last="Welvaert">Marijke Welvaert</name></country><country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Skorski, Sabrina" sort="Skorski, Sabrina" uniqKey="Skorski S" first="Sabrina" last="Skorski">Sabrina Skorski</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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